Hip pain — Wokingham, Berkshire

On this page

1. Overview
2. Types of hip pain
3. Causes
4. Hip pain in Chinese medicine
5. Acupuncture for hip pain
6. Other treatments
7. Self-care
8. Treatment at my clinic
9. Frequently asked questions
10. References

1. What is hip pain?

Hip pain is a common and often debilitating condition that affects people across the full age range, from young athletes with hip impingement and bursitis to older adults with osteoarthritis. Hip osteoarthritis alone affects approximately 8% of adults in the UK, making it one of the most prevalent joint conditions in the country. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint designed for both stability and a wide range of movement — it bears the full weight of the upper body during standing and movement, making it highly susceptible to mechanical overload and degenerative change over time.

Conventional management follows a similar pathway to knee pain — from analgesia and physiotherapy through to injection therapy and ultimately total hip replacement surgery. While hip replacement surgery has excellent outcomes in appropriately selected patients, the journey to surgery often involves years of undertreated pain, and many patients are told to “wait until it’s bad enough” for surgery. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offer a meaningful alternative during this period and in many cases produce sufficient improvement that surgery can be delayed or avoided entirely.

2. Types of hip pain

1. Hip osteoarthritis — degenerative arthritis of the hip joint, producing progressive deep groin pain (often confused for groin strain), stiffness after rest, pain on weight-bearing and a gradual reduction in hip range of movement — particularly internal rotation and flexion. The pain may radiate into the buttock, thigh or knee, sometimes making it difficult to localise. Hip OA disproportionately affects women and those with a history of heavy manual work or sport
2. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (hip bursitis) — pain on the outer side of the hip over the greater trochanter, previously attributed to inflammation of the trochanteric bursa (trochanteric bursitis) but now understood to primarily involve gluteal tendinopathy. Produces pain lying on the affected side, climbing stairs, walking uphill and crossing the legs. Extremely common, particularly in middle-aged and older women
3. Piriformis syndrome — the piriformis muscle, deep in the buttock, can become hypertonic and compress or irritate the sciatic nerve as it passes through or beneath it, producing buttock pain and sciatic-like symptoms radiating down the leg. Often misdiagnosed as true sciatica originating from the lumbar spine
4. Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) — a condition where abnormal bony morphology of the hip (cam deformity on the femoral head, pincer deformity on the acetabulum, or both) causes impingement of the soft tissue structures within the hip during movement. Produces groin pain on hip flexion and rotation, particularly during sport, and is increasingly recognised as a precursor to hip osteoarthritis if untreated
5. Hip flexor tendinopathy — degeneration or strain of the iliopsoas tendon at its insertion on the lesser trochanter, producing groin or anterior hip pain, particularly on hip flexion against resistance. Common in runners, dancers and those who spend prolonged periods sitting
6. Referred hip pain — pain perceived in the hip region may originate from the lumbar spine, sacroiliac joint or, less commonly, from internal organs. Accurate diagnosis at the first appointment is essential to direct treatment appropriately

3. Causes

1. Age and degeneration — articular cartilage in the hip deteriorates progressively with age, reducing its capacity to absorb mechanical loading. Hip OA risk increases sharply after 45 and is strongly associated with age
2. Biomechanical imbalance — weakness of the gluteal muscles (particularly gluteus medius), hip external rotators and core stabilisers places excessive load on the hip joint structures and contributes to most hip pain presentations, from bursitis and tendinopathy to OA progression
3. Overuse and sporting activity — running, cycling, football and other high-impact or repetitive activities can accumulate microtrauma in the hip structures, particularly in those with underlying biomechanical vulnerabilities or inadequate recovery time
4. Excess body weight — as with the knee, excess body weight substantially increases the mechanical load through the hip joint and is a major modifiable risk factor for hip OA
5. Hip morphology — the shape of the femoral head and acetabulum varies between individuals; those with cam or pincer morphology are at higher risk of FAI and its downstream consequences
6. Prolonged sitting — sustained hip flexion in modern sedentary lifestyles shortens the hip flexors, weakens the gluteals and contributes to the hip flexor tendinopathy, piriformis tightness and anterior hip impingement patterns increasingly seen in desk workers

4. Hip pain in Chinese medicine

In traditional Chinese medicine, the hip region is traversed by the Gallbladder, Bladder, Stomach and Kidney meridians, with the Kidney governing the bones and the Liver governing the tendons and sinews of the joint. Hip pain is most commonly understood as Bi syndrome (painful obstruction) of the hip and buttock meridians, caused by the invasion and accumulation of Wind, Cold and Damp pathogenic factors. The main patterns are:

1. Cold-Damp Bi syndrome — the most prevalent pattern in hip osteoarthritis, characterised by deep, heavy and aching hip pain that is markedly worse in cold and damp weather, worse after rest and improved with gentle movement and warmth. The hip may feel stiff and cold. Corresponds to the clinical observation that hip OA patients consistently experience worse symptoms in cold weather
2. Kidney and Liver deficiency — the underlying constitutional pattern in most degenerative hip conditions, where insufficient Kidney Jing and Liver Blood fail to nourish the bone and tendons of the joint. This deficiency pattern underlies the structural deterioration and is treated alongside the local Bi syndrome to produce deeper and more lasting improvement. Associated with generalised weakness of the lower limbs, lower back ache, fatigue and age-related constitutional weakness
3. Qi and Blood stagnation in the Gallbladder channel — lateral hip pain (greater trochanteric pain syndrome) classically involves stagnation in the Gallbladder channel, which runs directly over the greater trochanter. Treatment targets GB channel points in the hip and lateral thigh to move Qi and Blood, relieve the stagnation and reduce the local tendinopathic pain
4. Liver Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat — in younger, more active patients with FAI or inflammatory hip conditions, a pattern of Liver Qi stagnation with Damp-Heat accumulation in the hip joint is frequently present, producing sharper pain, restricted movement and local warmth; treatment clears damp-heat from the Gallbladder channel and moves Liver qi to restore smooth circulation
5. Qi and Blood deficiency (chronic and post-surgical) — seen in patients with long-standing hip pain and fatigue, or in the post-operative recovery period following hip replacement; insufficient Qi and Blood fail to nourish and repair the joint structures and surrounding soft tissue; treatment tonifies Qi and Blood to support tissue repair and restore energy, using formulas such as Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction)

The hip in TCM is specifically governed by the Gallbladder (GB), Bladder (BL), Stomach (ST) and Kidney (KD) meridians, all of which pass through the hip region. The Kidney relationship is particularly significant for degenerative conditions, as the Kidney governs the bones (gu) and produces marrow (sui) — deficiency of Kidney Jing (essence) leads to weakened bones, reduced joint space and the progressive structural failure of osteoarthritis. This is consistent with the western understanding that age-related decline in bone mineral density and chondrocyte repair capacity underlie OA progression. Treating the Kidney deficiency alongside the local Bi syndrome is what produces the deeper and more durable improvement that distinguishes TCM treatment from purely symptomatic analgesia.

5. Acupuncture for hip pain

Acupuncture treats hip pain through the same mechanisms as for other musculoskeletal conditions — endorphin release, anti-inflammatory effects, improved local circulation, trigger point release and central sensitisation modulation — with treatment specifically directed at the hip joint and its surrounding musculature. The Gallbladder, Bladder and Stomach meridian points around the hip provide the primary local treatment targets, combined with distal points on the lower leg that powerfully activate the relevant channels.

Research evidence

The individual patient data meta-analysis by Vickers et al. (2018), published in the Journal of Pain, pooling 39 RCTs with over 20,000 patients, confirmed that acupuncture significantly outperforms both sham acupuncture and no treatment for osteoarthritis pain including hip osteoarthritis, with effects sustained at follow-up. A Cochrane systematic review by Manheimer et al. (2010) examining acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis confirmed clinically relevant pain reduction and functional improvement for hip OA specifically. A further systematic review by Vas et al. (2014), published in Acupuncture in Medicine, found statistically significant reductions in pain and improvements in physical function in patients with hip osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture compared to controls.

I am a member of the British Acupuncture Council and use acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of hip pain.

Acupuncture points used for hip pain

Treatment is always tailored to the individual presentation, but a typical protocol for hip pain includes a selection of the following points:

• GB 30 Huantiao — the most important local point for hip pain; located in the gluteal region directly over the hip joint, it activates the Gallbladder channel through the hip and buttock and is used for all types of hip pain from OA to bursitis to piriformis syndrome
• GB 34 Yanglingquan — the influential point for all sinews and tendons throughout the body; essential for hip tendinopathy (greater trochanteric pain), FAI and hip flexor strain; located at the fibular head on the outer lower leg
• GB 39 Xuanzhong — the influential point for marrow and bone; used specifically for bony hip pathology including osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis; located above the lateral malleolus
• BL 54 Zhibian — a powerful local point for the buttock and deep hip rotators; particularly effective for piriformis syndrome, deep buttock pain and sciatic irritation from the piriformis; located lateral to the sacral hiatus
• BL 23 Shenshu — the back-shu point of the Kidney; used in all cases of degenerative hip pain where Kidney deficiency is the underlying constitutional pattern; often combined with moxibustion to warm and tonify
• KD 3 Taixi — Kidney source point; tonifies Kidney essence (Jing) and supports bone and marrow; key distal point for hip OA with Kidney deficiency
• ST 36 Zusanli — tonifies Spleen and Stomach qi, builds overall energy and has documented anti-inflammatory effects; used in most chronic musculoskeletal conditions to support the body’s healing capacity
• LV 3 Taichong — Liver source point; moves Liver qi, benefits the tendons and sinews; used where Liver qi stagnation or Liver blood deficiency is contributing to hip stiffness and tendon restriction

For deep hip joint pain and hip OA, electroacupuncture is applied between GB 30 and adjacent local points at 2–4 Hz (low-frequency) to maximise endorphin release and deep penetration of the analgesic signal into the joint. Sessions last 45–60 minutes, with needles retained for 25–30 minutes.

6. Other treatments

Electroacupuncture is particularly effective for chronic hip osteoarthritis and deep hip joint pain where a stronger analgesic stimulus is needed to penetrate the deep joint structures.

Moxibustion and heat therapy applied over the hip joint and greater trochanter are highly effective for Cold-Damp Bi syndrome patterns, dispersing cold and damp from the hip meridians and producing immediate improvements in joint warmth, mobility and comfort.

Cupping therapy along the gluteal muscles, piriformis and iliotibial band provides powerful myofascial decompression, relieving the deep muscle tension and fascial restriction that compresses the hip joint and contributes to lateral hip pain.

Chinese herbal medicine is particularly valuable for hip pain driven by Kidney and Liver deficiency, where daily constitutional tonification with herbal formulas such as Du Huo Ji Sheng Wan (Angelica Pubescens and Taxillus Decoction) — the classical formula specifically indicated for hip and lower limb Bi syndrome with underlying Kidney deficiency — produces a deeper and more durable improvement alongside the acupuncture treatment.

7. Self-care

1. Strengthen the gluteals — targeted strengthening of gluteus medius and maximus is the single most impactful rehabilitation measure for most hip pain presentations, reducing joint loading, improving stability and resolving the tendinopathic processes underlying greater trochanteric pain syndrome
2. Apply warmth — for Cold-Damp patterns (pain worse in cold and damp), consistent heat application to the hip between sessions — using a heat pad or hot bath — significantly extends the benefit of treatment and reduces morning stiffness
3. Avoid aggravating positions — for trochanteric pain syndrome, avoid lying directly on the painful hip, crossing the legs and sitting in low chairs or sofas that place the hip in excessive adduction and internal rotation. These positions compress the gluteal tendons against the greater trochanter and sustain the tendinopathic process
4. Manage body weight — reducing excess weight significantly decreases the mechanical load through the hip joint and is one of the most evidence-supported interventions for hip osteoarthritis
5. Low-impact exercise — swimming, cycling on a well-fitted bike and walking on level ground maintain hip mobility and muscle strength without the impact loading of running. Tai chi has specific evidence for hip OA benefit
6. Anti-inflammatory diet — reducing processed foods, refined sugars and alcohol while increasing oily fish, turmeric, ginger and leafy vegetables supports the reduction of the systemic inflammation driving arthritic hip pain. See Chinese food therapy for detailed guidance
7. Sleep position — for lateral hip pain (greater trochanteric pain syndrome), sleeping with a pillow between the knees reduces hip adduction during sleep, significantly decreasing compression on the gluteal tendon and bursa overnight; many patients find this a simple intervention that produces immediate symptom improvement on waking
8. Avoid sustained hip flexion — prolonged sitting with the hip at 90 degrees or less, particularly in low chairs, increases compressive load on the anterior hip and tightens the hip flexors; using a standing desk for part of the day, taking regular standing breaks and ensuring seated hip angle is greater than 90 degrees (seat slightly tilted forward or raised) reduces this strain significantly

8. Treatment at my clinic

I treat all forms of hip pain at my clinic in Wokingham, Berkshire. Treatment combines acupuncture and electroacupuncture with moxibustion, cupping therapy and heat therapy as appropriate. Chinese herbal medicine is frequently incorporated for hip OA patients with significant Kidney deficiency patterns. Most patients notice meaningful improvement in pain and mobility within four to six sessions; a full course of six to ten sessions is typically recommended. Visit the prices page for treatment costs.

9. Frequently asked questions

Can acupuncture help hip osteoarthritis?

Yes. A landmark meta-analysis of over 20,000 patients confirmed that acupuncture significantly outperforms sham treatment and no treatment for osteoarthritis pain including hip OA, with sustained effects. Acupuncture reduces pain, improves function and mobility, reduces pain medication use and can delay or reduce the need for hip replacement surgery.

Can acupuncture help hip bursitis?

Yes. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (previously called trochanteric bursitis) responds well to acupuncture targeting the Gallbladder channel over the lateral hip, combined with trigger point treatment of the gluteal muscles. Cupping therapy over the gluteal and iliotibial band region is a particularly effective addition for this condition.

How many sessions are needed for hip pain?

Most hip pain conditions show meaningful improvement within four to six sessions of weekly acupuncture. A full course of six to ten sessions is typically recommended for sustained benefit. Chronic hip osteoarthritis and post-surgical hip pain may require a longer treatment course.

Can acupuncture treat piriformis syndrome?

Yes — piriformis syndrome is one of the conditions that responds particularly well to acupuncture and electroacupuncture targeting the piriformis muscle directly, combined with cupping therapy over the buttock. This approach releases the hypertonicity of the piriformis, relieving the sciatic nerve compression and resolving the referred pain down the leg.

Can acupuncture help me avoid hip replacement surgery?

In a significant proportion of patients, yes. Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis reduces pain and improves function to a degree that can make surgery unnecessary or defer it substantially. The patients most likely to benefit are those with mild to moderate OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1–3) and those whose main complaint is pain rather than severe mechanical joint failure. Patients with end-stage OA and severe structural joint breakdown are less likely to avoid surgery, but acupuncture can help manage pain and maintain quality of life while awaiting surgery. In Chinese medicine, simultaneous herbal treatment with kidney-tonifying formulas such as Du Huo Ji Sheng Wan aims to slow the degenerative process over time.

Can I have acupuncture while on the waiting list for hip replacement?

Yes, and this is a situation I encounter regularly. Acupuncture can significantly improve pain control and maintain hip function during what can be a prolonged waiting period. It does not interfere with surgery or anaesthesia (needling is stopped well before the surgical date). Many patients find that acupuncture during this period reduces their reliance on analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, which also helps from a pre-operative perspective.

Can acupuncture help after hip replacement surgery?

Yes. Acupuncture in the recovery period following hip replacement can reduce post-operative pain, accelerate soft tissue healing, improve circulation in the surgical site, reduce swelling and support rehabilitation. It is typically appropriate to begin acupuncture treatment approximately 4–6 weeks after surgery, once the wound has fully healed and the surgical team has cleared the patient for normal activities. It is advisable to inform your surgical team before starting acupuncture post-operatively.

What is the difference between hip osteoarthritis and hip bursitis?

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) involves degeneration of the cartilage within the hip joint itself, producing deep groin pain, stiffness after rest and progressively reduced range of movement. The pain is typically felt in the groin, front of the thigh and sometimes the knee. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (previously called bursitis) involves the gluteal tendons and overlying tissue at the outer side of the hip, producing lateral hip pain, pain lying on the side, and pain on stairs. The two conditions can coexist — hip OA often increases load on the lateral hip structures, producing concurrent trochanteric pain. Diagnosis is made on clinical grounds (pain location, provocative tests) and confirmed by imaging where needed.

10. References

Vickers AJ, Vertosick EA, Lewith G, MacPherson H, Foster NE, Sherman KJ, Irnich D, Witt CM, Linde K; Acupuncture Trialists’ Collaboration. Acupuncture for chronic pain: update of an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Pain. 2018 May;19(5):455–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.005. PMID: 29198932.

Manheimer E, Cheng K, Linde K, Lao L, Yoo J, Wieland S, van der Windt DA, Berman BM, Bouter LM. Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD001977. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001977.pub2. PMID: 20091527.

Vas J, Perea-Milla E, Mendez C, et al. Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis: systematic review. Acupunct Med. 2014;32(3):219–228. https://doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010438. PMID: 24534298.