Depression - Wokingham, Berkshire

1. Overview

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the world, affecting an estimated 280 million people globally according to the World Health Organization. In the UK, around one in six adults will experience depression at some point during their lives. It affects men and women of all ages and backgrounds, though women are approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed as men.

Depression exists on a spectrum from mild, transient low mood — a normal human response to life events such as bereavement, job loss or relationship breakdown — to major depressive disorder, a severe and long-standing clinical condition that significantly impairs daily functioning. It is also frequently seen in combination with anxiety, insomnia and stress, and these conditions often reinforce each other.

While antidepressant medication and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) remain the mainstay of conventional treatment, a significant proportion of patients experience incomplete response or troublesome side effects. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine offer well-evidenced, safe alternatives and complements to conventional care that can make a meaningful difference to quality of life.

2. Symptoms

The symptoms of depression vary between individuals but typically include a combination of the following:

Persistent low mood, sadness or emptiness
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities previously enjoyed (anhedonia)
Fatigue and loss of energy, even after rest
Feelings of worthlessness, guilt or hopelessness
Poor concentration, indecisiveness or mental fog
Disturbed sleep — either insomnia or excessive sleeping
Changes in appetite — either loss of appetite or overeating
Withdrawal from social contact and relationships
Physical symptoms including pain, headaches and digestive problems with no identifiable physical cause
In severe cases, thoughts of death or suicide

It is worth noting that depression frequently presents with prominent physical symptoms — particularly chronic pain, insomnia and fatigue — and can be difficult to distinguish from physical illness. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this mind-body connection is foundational: mental and emotional symptoms are always assessed alongside physical signs, and treatment addresses the person as a whole.

3. Causes

Depression is understood in modern medicine as arising from an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors. Common contributing causes include:

Neurochemical imbalances — disruption to the brain’s neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, is central to the mainstream biomedical understanding of depression.
Chronic stress — prolonged stress dysregulates the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis, elevating cortisol and contributing to neuroinflammation and mood disorder.
Hormonal changes — women are twice as likely to develop depression as men, partly due to the impact of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, after childbirth (postnatal depression) and at the menopause. Oestrogen, progesterone and other reproductive hormones all have direct effects on mood regulation.
Chronic illness and pain — living with long-term chronic pain, serious illness or disability significantly increases the risk of depression. This is one of the reasons why treating the underlying physical condition with acupuncture can have a positive impact on mood.
Life events and psychological factors — bereavement, relationship breakdown, trauma, financial hardship and social isolation are major precipitants.
Lack of sunlight — seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a form of depression triggered by reduced daylight in autumn and winter.
Poor sleep and fatigue — insomnia and chronic fatigue both predispose to and perpetuate depression.
Genetic predisposition — a family history of depression increases susceptibility, though environment and lifestyle play an equal or greater role in whether the condition develops.

4. Depression in Chinese medicine

From a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) perspective, depression is more than a chemical imbalance in the brain. It reflects a disturbance in the flow and quality of Qi (vital energy) and Blood, and is frequently understood as a pattern of Qi stagnation — where the smooth movement of energy throughout the body has become constrained.

The most common TCM patterns seen in depression include:

Liver Qi stagnation — the Liver is responsible for the smooth flow of Qi throughout the body. When this function is impaired by emotional tension, frustration or unresolved stress, Qi stagnates. This pattern underlies much of what Western medicine calls depression, and is characterised by a low, flat or irritable mood, a sensation of pressure or tightness in the chest, sighing, and symptoms that fluctuate with emotional state.
Heart and Spleen deficiency — overthinking, worry and excessive mental effort consume the Heart and Spleen, depleting Qi and Blood. Without adequate Blood to nourish the Heart and Mind, a person becomes anxious, unable to concentrate, emotionally exhausted and prone to low mood. This pattern is commonly seen in people who have been under prolonged stress.
Kidney deficiency — in long-standing or severe depression, the underlying constitutional resources of the Kidneys may be depleted. This is associated with profound fatigue, loss of motivation and drive, a sense of emptiness or meaninglessness, and in women, hormonal symptoms including irregular periods or perimenopausal low mood.
Phlegm-Fire harassing the Heart — a more acute pattern associated with emotional turmoil, restlessness, disturbed sleep, racing thoughts and agitated depression.

By identifying the specific TCM pattern driving an individual’s depression — rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach — treatment can be targeted precisely at the root cause, which is why TCM can help in cases where standard antidepressants have provided incomplete relief.

5. Acupuncture for depression

Acupuncture is increasingly recognised as a clinically effective treatment for depression, with a growing body of high-quality research supporting its use both as a standalone therapy and alongside conventional antidepressant medication.

How acupuncture works for depression

Acupuncture acts on depression through several well-documented biological mechanisms. Stimulation of acupuncture points influences the brain’s neurochemistry — increasing the production of serotonin, dopamine and endorphins, and modulating the levels of noradrenaline and cortisol. It also acts on the autonomic nervous system, reducing sympathetic overactivity and shifting the body towards a calmer, more regulated state. Acupuncture has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation, which is increasingly understood as a key driver of depression, and to promote neuroplasticity — the brain’s ability to form new connections and recover from the structural changes associated with chronic stress and mood disorder.

Research evidence

A landmark 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis by Armour et al. — one of the largest and most rigorous assessments of the evidence — concluded that acupuncture is a suitable adjunct to usual care and standard antidepressant medication for depression (Armour et al., 2019). A 2023 meta-analysis of 43 RCTs including over 3,750 participants, published in Neuropsychobiology, found that acupuncture reduced depression severity on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) compared with both sham acupuncture and antidepressants, and that combining acupuncture with antidepressants produced better outcomes than antidepressants alone (Xu et al., 2023). A 2023 network meta-analysis of 22 RCTs involving 2,391 participants, published in Research in Nursing & Health, found that electroacupuncture combined with antidepressants produced superior outcomes compared with waitlist control, with the overall quality of evidence rated as moderate to high (Chen et al., 2023).

Research into the neuroscience of non-pharmacological TCM therapies for major depressive disorder, including a systematic review and meta-analysis by Ye et al. (2019), found significant therapeutic effects on depression through measurable changes in brain chemistry and nervous system function.

A holistic approach to depression combines acupuncture with counselling, psychotherapy and, where appropriate, a reduction in antidepressant dosage under medical supervision. I work alongside rather than in opposition to conventional care, and always encourage patients to discuss any changes to medication with their GP or psychiatrist.

6. Chinese herbal medicine for depression

Chinese herbal medicine has been used for centuries to treat emotional and psychological conditions, including low mood, emotional exhaustion and what Chinese medicine describes as disturbance of the Heart-Mind (Shen). Research confirms that it is an effective and well-tolerated option for depression.

A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research (Wang et al., 2019) found that Chinese herbal medicine was significantly more effective than placebo and comparably effective to antidepressants in reducing depression severity, with a considerably lower rate of adverse events than antidepressant medication. A 2024 Bayesian network meta-analysis published in Frontiers in Pharmacology (Wan et al., 2024) evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of a range of Chinese herbal formulas against standard antidepressants and further supported the evidence for their clinical use.

Commonly used classical formulas include Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer) for Liver Qi stagnation with Spleen deficiency, Chaihu Shugan San for Liver Qi stagnation with pain and irritability, Gan Mai Da Zao Tang for emotional exhaustion and tearfulness, and Gui Pi Tang for Heart and Spleen deficiency.

I prescribe pharmaceutical-grade Chinese herbal granules from Sun Ten (Taiwan), independently tested for purity, consistency and safety. For patients who cannot attend the clinic in person, I offer online Chinese herbal medicine consultations with herbs dispensed by post.

7. Types of depression treated

I have experience treating all presentations of depression, including:

Mild to moderate depression — including situational low mood, adjustment disorder and reactive depression following difficult life events.
Major depressive disorder (clinical depression) — including long-standing, severe depression, whether or not antidepressants have been prescribed. Treatment is offered as a complement to, not a replacement for, psychiatric care.
Depression co-occurring with anxiety — a very common combination that responds well to acupuncture and Chinese herbs, as both conditions are often driven by the same underlying TCM pattern of Liver Qi stagnation.
Postnatal depression — depression arising after childbirth, often related to Blood deficiency following delivery. Acupuncture and Chinese herbs can be safely used by breastfeeding mothers with appropriate guidance.
Perimenopausal and menopausal depression — hormonal changes around the menopause frequently trigger or worsen depression. A 2019 review by Di et al. found significant evidence for Chinese medicine therapies in treating depression in perimenopausal women.
Depression with chronic pain — there is a well-documented bidirectional relationship between chronic pain and depression. A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis (You et al., 2021) found that acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for chronic pain-related depression.
Depression with insomnia — disturbed sleep and depression reinforce each other in a difficult cycle. Acupuncture addresses both simultaneously, making it particularly useful where insomnia is a prominent feature.

8. Self-care

Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine work best when supported by positive lifestyle changes. Addressing diet, sleep, exercise and social connection forms an important part of the overall treatment plan. Practical self-care strategies that support recovery from depression include:

Maintaining regular sleeping hours — going to bed and rising at consistent times supports the body’s natural rhythms and improves both mood and sleep quality.
Regular physical activity — exercise has well-documented antidepressant effects, stimulating endorphin and serotonin release and reducing cortisol. Even gentle daily walks make a meaningful difference.
Dietary improvement — a diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, oily fish, nuts and seeds supports brain health and mood. Chinese food therapy offers additional guidance based on individual TCM patterns.
Reducing stimulants and alcohol — caffeine disrupts sleep and amplifies anxiety; alcohol is a CNS depressant that worsens low mood despite its initial relaxing effect.
Stress management — techniques such as mindfulness meditation, breathing exercises, yoga and tai chi all have evidence for reducing stress and supporting mood regulation.
Social connection — maintaining relationships and avoiding isolation is one of the most protective factors against depression. Seeking support from friends, family or support groups is encouraged.
Appropriate supplementation — vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with depression, particularly in the UK. Omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium and B vitamins also support mood and nervous system function.

9. Treatment at my clinic

I treat depression and mood disorders at my clinics in Wokingham, Berkshire. For patients who cannot attend in person, online Chinese herbal medicine consultations are available.

Treatment for depression typically combines acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine alongside dietary and lifestyle guidance. For patients receiving antidepressants or psychological therapy, TCM works comfortably alongside these treatments. I never advise patients to reduce or stop their prescribed medication without their doctor’s guidance. My aim is to work collaboratively with the patient’s existing care team to achieve the best possible outcome.

I have helped many patients with both mild and clinical depression to live happier and healthier lives. For more information, please read the acupuncture for depression factsheet or visit the prices page for consultation costs.

10. Frequently asked questions

Can acupuncture help with depression?

Yes. There is a substantial and growing body of clinical research demonstrating that acupuncture is effective for depression — both as a standalone treatment and as a complement to antidepressants and talking therapies. Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses support its use, and it works through well-documented neurochemical and nervous system mechanisms. It is particularly well-suited to patients who have had an incomplete response to antidepressants, or who wish to reduce their reliance on medication over time.

Is acupuncture as effective as antidepressants for depression?

Randomised controlled trials suggest that acupuncture has comparable antidepressant efficacy, particularly for mild to moderate depression, with a significantly lower rate of adverse effects. Combining acupuncture with antidepressants consistently produces better results than antidepressants alone. Acupuncture is not a replacement for psychiatric medication in severe or acute depression, but it is a highly useful addition to care at all stages.

How many acupuncture sessions are needed for depression?

Research suggests that a minimum course of four to eight weekly sessions is needed to produce meaningful clinical benefits for depression. Most patients begin to notice improvement in mood, energy and sleep within four to six sessions. For long-standing or severe depression, a longer course of treatment followed by maintenance sessions every four to six weeks typically gives the best and most sustained results.

Can Chinese herbal medicine help with depression?

Yes. Chinese herbal medicine has a strong evidence base for treating depression and is commonly used in China both as a standalone treatment and alongside antidepressants. Research shows it is comparable in efficacy to antidepressants with a considerably lower incidence of side effects. Formulas are individualised to the patient’s specific TCM pattern, making them a flexible and targeted option.

Is acupuncture safe if I am taking antidepressants?

Yes. Acupuncture is safe to use alongside antidepressant medication. There are no known interactions between acupuncture treatment and antidepressant drugs. If you are considering reducing your antidepressant dose over the course of treatment, this should always be discussed with and supervised by your prescribing doctor.

Can acupuncture help with postnatal depression?

Yes. Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine can be safely used in the postnatal period and are effective for postnatal depression. In Chinese medicine, postnatal depression is commonly associated with Blood deficiency following delivery, and treatment is directed at nourishing Blood and stabilising the mind. Appropriate herbs can also be used safely while breastfeeding.

11. References

J. Röschke, Ch. Wolf, M.J. Müller, P. Wagner, K. Mann, M. Grözinger, S. Bech. The benefit from whole body acupuncture in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 57, Issues 1–3, 2000, Pages 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00061-0.

Ye J, Cheung WM, Tsang HWH. The Neuroscience of Nonpharmacological Traditional Chinese Therapy (NTCT) for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 May 15;2019:2183403. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2183403.

Di Y, et al. Clinical evidence of Chinese medicine therapies for depression in women during perimenopause and menopause. Complement Ther Med. 2019 Dec;47:102071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.019.

Armour M, Smith CA, Wang LQ, et al. Acupuncture for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 4;8(8):1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081140.

You J, Li H, Xie D, Chen R, Chen M. Acupuncture for Chronic Pain-Related Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Feb 22;2021:6617075. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617075.

Wang Y, Shi YH, Xu Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychiatr Res. 2019 Oct;117:74–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.07.003.

Chen YF, Tseng PT, Tu YK, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Nursing & Health. 2023 Feb;46(1):85–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.22284.

Xu G, Xiao Q, Huang B, et al. Clinical Evidence for Association of Acupuncture with Improved Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Neuropsychobiology. 2023;82(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527903.

Wan R, Song R, Fan Y, et al. Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024;15:1295564. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1295564.

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